Reviewing Fundamental Laws: Ohm and Kirchhoff

Before diving into the complex world of smart grids and AI-driven systems, we must revisit the bedrock principles that govern all electrical circuits. A strong grasp of these foundational laws is non-negotiable for any engineer looking to innovate and troubleshoot effectively in the modern landscape. Think of them as the fundamental grammar of electrical language.

Our journey begins with Ohm's Law, arguably the most basic and widely used relationship in electrical engineering. It elegantly describes the linear relationship between the voltage across an ideal resistor and the current flowing through it. This simple formula, V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance, provides a direct link between these key circuit variables.